Discussion

Brief summary

After my proposed study, I find that relative advantage, lacks of compatibility and computer skill are significant factors which influence India immigrants on New Zealand e-government adoption and use. Meanwhile, New Zealand government should need to highlight the benefits of e-government services compared to the other options of previous government services. Also, New Zealand government need to introduce the basic information of new e-government services to India immigrants so that these immigrants would generally know about such new services and try to use these new services in the future. Furthermore, New Zealand government should increase the compatibility of e-government services so that new immigrants can use variety of New Zealand e-government services efficiently, and obtain more benefits form these e-government services. In addition, New Zealand government would provide computer training sections to the new immigrants who have lacks of basic computer skills and knowledge. Alternatively, it is appropriate that New Zealand e-government services should provide basic use manuals to the users.

On the other hand, Internet accessibility is not significant determinants of e-government adoption and use among India immigrants in Hamilton region. However, Future studies should consider types of Internet access when comparing adoption across different cultures.

Base on previous literatures, in 2008, Lemuria and Vishanth did a cultural comparison study base on e-government adoption in U.K. and U.S., they found out that relative advantage and trust are consistently identified as important adoption constructs in both countries. However, in this particular study, they also found that Internet accessibility and skill were not significant determinants of e-government adoption in these two countries. Thus, for my proposed study, my anticipated findings are resembled to the Lemuria and Vishanth’s results and the results from above literatures I indicated.

Limitations

For my limitations of my proposed study, firstly, the sample only focus on Hamilton region so that it can not stand for the whole population of India immigrants in New Zealand. Meanwhile, my proposed study only focuses on India immigrants which mainly focus on one cultural context. Therefore, Future research should attempt to obtain the sample from other areas in the country, and try to pay attentions on other cultures of new immigrants in New Zealand. In addition, the questionnaire survey is a very concise survey, so future studies should include additional constructs and items to present an even more comprehensive view of e-government adoption and use in the New Zealand.

Implication for research

This proposed study serves as an initial study which tries to find out the factors which influence India immigrants on New Zealand e-government adoption and use. Base on previous literatures, few studies have consider cultural context within e-government adoption and use in New Zealand, also, few studies focused on the factors which affect new immigrants on New Zealand e-government adoption and use. In my proposed study, I use four hypothesizes to constitute a parsimonious model. However, future study should present a more comprehensive model of New Zealand e-government adoption and use related to new immigrants and cultural contexts. Meanwhile, the research model I construct highlights four different hypothesizes which have a direct effect on New Zealand e-government adoption and use, and future studies should expand the model to include both indirect and direct effects. Furthermore, I indicate that relative advantage is one of key factors which influence India immigrants’ adoption and use of New Zealand e-government services, and Benbasat and Barki (2007) suggested that future adoption research should place more emphasis on the factors that impact relative advantage. Thus, future research should include antecedents of relative advantage present a more comprehensive model of e-government adoption.

Implication for practice

In my proposed study, relative advantage is one of implications of practice. Firstly, Lemuria and Vishanth (2008) stated that Citizens who perceive the relative advantages of e-government services are more likely to adopt this innovation. Thus, New Zealand need to increase the awareness of its e-government services so that more and more people would generally know and use these services in the future. Furthermore, New Zealand government should introduce the advantages of these e-government services to public so that it would increase the people’s intentions to use these services. Citizen knowledge of e-government services and their benefits is a vital part of e-government adoption (Lemuria et al. 2008). Therefore, New Zealand government should implement a national e-government awareness initiative that highlights the services which are available and beneficial to all people in New Zealand. In addition, I also think about the quality of New Zealand e-government services, such as the efficiency, effectiveness and convenience of New Zealand e-government services. Even New Zealand has made its greatest e-government gains in the area of public management, but the achievement to date of e-government in New Zealand would be seem to be mixed, the government is now seeking to take the people with it into its vision of the future of e-government and focus on some of its early goals and the real benefits to citizens that e-government can bring (Rowena, 2003). Thus, as New Zealand government provides efficient, convenience and high quality e-government services, people will gain more benefits form these services.

In addition to relative advantage, compatibility is another fruitful area, since it is quite related to cultural context, base on the definition of compatibility, which suggests that people will be more likely to adopt e-government services if these services are consistent with their values, views, beliefs, and customs (Rogers, 2003). Considering the significance of this concept, it is imperative that New Zealand government should increase the compatibility of its e-government services, through considering different cultures’ values, views, beliefs and customs, the services would maximally reach different peoples’ satisfactions. Eric, Alison and Caves Stuart M. (2001) stated that in order to ensure the sharing of common goals in regard to e-commerce and e-government, NZ government plans to consider the cultural and intellectual property rights of NZ Maori and those of other NZ-residing indigenous peoples, as well as the inclusion of Te Reo Maori (Maori language) on government websites. Therefore, New Zealand government should consider compatibility for its e-government services so that more and more people would obtain benefits from these services.